December 21, 2022

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Difference Between Home-Grown and Hybrid Seeds and How is it Made?

Whenever we go to get seeds for our garden, we have two options, mainly indigenous/heirloom and hybrid. And we get confused as to which seed we should take. Let us know what is the difference between indigenous and hybrid seeds. They are also known by many other names, mainly OP – (Open Pollinated) and Heirloom. These are the seeds that are being grown at a place for a long time and the seed is used by the farmer for the next sowing. In this way, this seed reaches from one generation to another. They can be used not once but for repeated sowing which is basically of the same variety. The yield is less as compared to hybrid seeds. The ability to fight diseases and insect mites are relatively less.

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Do you know there are 2 types of seeds, the first is indigenous seeds and the second is hybrid seeds. In this article, we are going to give you complete information about hybrid seeds. Those seeds which are obtained by cross-pollination between two plants are called Hybrid Beej. As a result of the process of hybridization, such hybrid seeds are formed, from which the growing plants are protected from pests and diseases, they bear fruits and flowers quickly and the yield or yield is also high. Because of these advantages, hybrid seeds are slightly more expensive than native seeds. If you are also thinking of buying and growing hybrid seeds, then first get complete information about them.

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What is Hybrid seed? Difference between indigenous seed and hybrid? What are the advantages and disadvantages of growing hybrid seeds, and how are these seeds made? You will get all this information in this article. To get complete information about the method of making hybrid seeds, definitely read this article completely.

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What are Hybrid Seeds?

The seeds that are made by mixing pollen grains of 2 or more varieties of the same plant, that is, by controlled pollination, are called hybrid seeds or hybrid seeds. In hybridization, pollen from male flowers of one type is transferred to female flowers of another type. By this, the female flower gets pollinated. After the female flower is pollinated, the process of fruit formation begins. The seeds that are produced inside this fruit are called hybrid seeds. The qualities of the original plants are present in these seeds. These seeds give more yield than the parent plant and they have more ability to fight against diseases and pests.

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What are F1, F2, F3 hybrid seeds

Whenever you go to buy hybrid seeds, you will find F1, F2, or F3 written on the seed packet. Here F means Filial in English. This word is called Santati or generation in Hindi. That is, here F means Filial / Generation, and 1, 2, and 3 means first, second and third. Hence F1 means first filial generation, F2 means second generation and F3 means third generation. Let us know the difference between F1, F2, F3 hybrid seeds:

F1 – The seeds that are formed by hybridization between parent plants are called F1 hybrid seeds. It has the same characteristics as the parent plant. As the fruits or flowers remain on the hybrid seed packet, in reality, the same fruits or flowers are produced.

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F2 – The seeds that come out of the fruit or flower in the plant growing from F1 seed are called hybrid seeds of F2 i.e. Second Filial Generation. F2 hybrid seeds yield less as compared to F1.

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F3 – The seeds that come out of the fruit or flower in the plant growing from the F2 seed are called F3 i.e. Third Filial Generation hybrid seeds. It gives less yield than F2.

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Difference Between Indigenous Seed and Hybrid Seed

Home-Grown Seeds	Hybrid Seeds
They are also known by many other names, mainly OP – (Open Pollinated) and Heirloom.	They also have many types, mainly F1, F2, F3 hybrid
These are the seeds which are being grown at a place for a long time and the seed is used by the farmer for the next sowing. In this way this seed reaches from one generation to another.	Hybrid seeds are those seeds which are produced by cross pollination of two or more plants. It combines the best features of both the plants. The process of hybridization is very controlled and specific.
They can be used not once but for repeated sowing which are basically of the same variety.	To get the same type of fruit or flower, a new seed has to be taken every time.
The yield is less as compared to hybrid seeds.	The yield is more.
The ability to fight diseases and insect mites is relatively less.	The ability to fight against diseases and insects is more.
More delicious and nutritious.	Taste and nutrition are not of much importance in the process of making many modern hybrid seeds.
Low Price	it is expensive

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Why Hybrid Seeds are Used

1. Plants grown from hybrid seeds (Shankar Beej) have higher disease resistance against some major pests and diseases. When a plant is heavily affected by a disease, it is better to grow hybrid seeds that are immune to the disease.
2. Each plant grown from hybrid seeds gives higher yield. When plants are to be grown in less space and higher yield is required, then hybrid seeds are very useful.
3. Hybrid varieties grow rapidly. Compared to native varieties, hybrid varieties are easier to grow.
4. Hybrid varieties are less affected by sudden changes in weather.
5. Plants grown from Hybrid Variety Seeds have large sized fruits and flowers.

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Hybrid Seed Preparation Method:

1. First of all, 2 parent plants are selected, which have those qualities, for which hybrid seed is to be prepared. For example, if there is a gourd plant that bears large fruits and there is a gourd plant that does not suffer from any diseases. So in this case both these plants are selected and cross-pollination is done between them.
2. The identity of a female flower is that a small fruit is also attached under the flower, while there is no small fruit attached to the male flower.
3. For pollination between the two plants, by hand or with a special tool, the pollen grains present in the male flower of one plant are transferred to the stigma present in the center of the female flower of the other plant. (Stigma) is put into. This process is called cross-pollination.
4. You can also do this by collecting the pollen of the male flower and keeping it in a box or you can bring the pollen from somewhere else. When the female flowers are in bloom on the plant, pollinate the female flowers with the pollen collected from the male flowers.
5. After cross-pollination, the fruit is formed from the pollinated flower of the plant. Only the seeds present inside this fruit are hybrid or hybrid seeds.
6. F1 seeds are obtained by growing hybrid seeds and pollination them repeatedly. It takes many years to get F1 hybrid seeds.

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